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Surgical humidification is the conditioning of insufflation gas with water vapour (humidity) and heat during surgery. Surgical humidification is used to reduce the risk of tissue drying and evaporative cooling. ==Laparoscopic humidification== During laparoscopy (laparoscopic surgery or minimally invasive surgery), it is necessary to insufflate the abdominal cavity (i.e. inflate the abdomen like a balloon) with medical-grade carbon dioxide (CO2) to create a viewing and working space for the surgery. The CO2 may be unconditioned, or conditioned with heat, or with humidification and heat. During insufflation, the peritoneum (an extensive delicate membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs) is exposed to the CO2. Unconditioned medical-grade CO2 has virtually no moisture and enters the abdomen at room temperature (19 to 21 °C). The condition of the gas is dry and cold compared to that of the natural physiological state of the peritoneum which is immersed in fluid at body temperature (37 °C). Experimental and clinical investigations have demonstrated that insufflation with unconditioned CO2 causes evaporation of the fluid and drying of the peritoneum, resulting in inflammation and damage to its cells. Clinically, peritoneal injury caused by drying has been linked to post-operative pain, evaporative cooling resulting in a decrease in core temperature and increased risk of intra-operative hypothermia,〔 as well as adhesion formation.〔 Conditioning the CO2 with only heat causes tissue drying also. Warmer gas has a greater capacity for evaporation as the gas can hold more water vapour; therefore, the tissues will dry faster than when unconditioned gas is used, potentially leading to increased adverse consequences. Conditioning the CO2 with humidity, in combination with heat, has been shown to decrease peritoneal damage 〔〔 by reducing the capacity of CO2 to carry moisture away from the tissue. Humidifying and heating CO2 during laparoscopic surgery lessens the risk of cellular damage to the peritoneum by reducing the drying effects of CO2.. Temperature loss during surgery, due to tissue drying, can be prevented by adequately humidifying and heating the CO2.〔〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Surgical humidification」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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